Women and Depression - The Social and cultural causes

 Posted by Chantel Martiromo,  Article By Kyle J. Norton 

Depression is a normal response as part of our daily lives such as the loss of s job, the death of a love one, and illness. Over 30 million Americans suffer from depression and the amount is increasing in an alarming rate. Depression may be a mental health disorder that can affect the way you eat, sleep, and the way you feel about yourself. The mild case of depression can be defeated by a variety of self-care techniques. Others require the treatment of medication, such as antidepressant medications and psychotherapy that help to reduce and sometimes eliminate the symptoms of depression. According to the National Mental Health Association, one in every eight women can expect to experience clinical depression during their lifetime. In gender perspective, women are twice at risk to develop depression than men.
Women and depression
In an article of Why Women Experience Depression More Than Men, by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, Ph.D., Carla Grayson, Ph.D. & Judith Larson, Ph.D., the experts wrote that researchers have known for years that women experience depression more often than men do, but the reason for this gender difference has not been clear. A study published by researchers provides some answers by showing how social conditions and personality characteristics affect each other and contribute to the gender differences in depressive symptoms.
Social and cultural causes of depression
1.Poverty
In an article of Study links poverty to depression among mothers written By Donna St. GeorgeWashington Post Staff Writer, the author wrote that More than half of babies in poverty are being raised by mothers who show symptoms of mild to severe depression, potentially creating problems in parenting and in child development, according to a new study.
Low-income mothers of infants were typically not teenagers, Golden said, but young – in their early 20s – with more than half under 24. The severely depressed group was 44 percent white, 30 percent black and 21 percent Hispanic; these mothers were at greater risk of domestic violence and substance abuse than poor mothers who were not depressed.
2. Childhood trauma
In a study of The link between childhood trauma and depression: Insights from HPA axis studies in humans by Christine Heim, D. Jeffrey Newport Tanja Mletzko, Andrew H. Miller and Charles B. Nemeroff, researcher found that Childhood trauma is a potent risk factor for developing depression in adulthood, particularly in response to additional stress. We here summarize results from a series of clinical studies suggesting that childhood trauma in humans is associated with sensitization of the neuroendocrine stress response, glucocorticoid resistance, increased central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) activity, immune activation, and reduced hippocampal volume, closely paralleling several of the neuroendocrine features of depression.
3. Social isolation
A woman with lack of contact with other people beside the family may be cause by a pervasive withdrawal or avoidance of social contact or communication are at higher risk to develop depression as a sesult of behavioural and physical disorders.
4. Role strain
Over conflicting and overwhelming responsibilities in a woman life can contribute to a higher stress, if problem is not solve over prolonged period of time, it may lead to depression.
5. Relationship dissatisfaction
Life stress, social support and clinical depression: A reanalysis of the literature by Runar Vilhjalmsson, Department of Nursing, University of Iceland, Eiriksgotu 34, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland, researcher ofund that the lack of social support may increase the likelihood that life stress will lead to depression, or the absence of social support may constitute a form of strain that leads to depression directly.
6. Etc.

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