Coffee and Alzheimer's disease

Posted by Chantel Martiromo  

Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder correlated with major reductions of neurons to the respective target areas, named after German physician Alois Alzheimer. Alzheimer's destroys brain cells, causing cognitive modalities severe enough to affect language communication, memory, lifelong hobbies or social life. Alzheimer's gets worse over time, and it is fatal. 
According to statistic, over 25 million people in the world today are affected by dementia and most are suffering from Alzheimer's disease. It may be a result of  cigarette smoking, midlife high blood pressure and obesity, diabetes, and cerebrovascular lesions and psychosocial factors (eg, high education, active social engagement, physical exercise, and mentally stimulating activity)(1).

Coffee made from the roasted seeds of the genus Coffee, belonging to the family Rubiaceae native to southern Arabia. Coffee may consist certain substances, effecting the risk of Alzheimers' disease. AD mice given caffeine in their drinking water from young adulthood into older age showed to inhibit memory and cognitive impairment and lower brain levels of amyloid-beta; Abeta)(24)(25). In mice with Alzheimers' disease caused by dysregulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium (Ca ²⁺), induced deletion of RyanR3, showed the enhancement of coffee in activation of RyanRs which protected AD neurons from synaptic and network dysfunction(26). Intake of 5 cups of coffee per day(moderate caffeine intake) found to protect against the development of certain cognitive impairment and decreased hippocampal amyloid-beta (Abeta) levels through suppression of both beta-secretase (BACE1), a beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 and presenilin 1 (PS1)/gamma-secretase expression(mutations in the presenilin proteins)(27)(28).

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References
(1) Food combination and Alzheimer disease risk: a protective diet by Gu Y¹, Nieves JW, Stern Y, Luchsinger JA, Scarmeas N.(PubMed)  
(24) Caffeine and coffee as therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease by Arendash GW¹, Cao C.(PubMed)
(25) Caffeine reverses cognitive impairment and decreases brain amyloid-beta levels in aged Alzheimer's disease mice by Arendash GW¹, Mori T, Cao C, Mamcarz M, Runfeldt M, Dickson A, Rezai-Zadeh K, Tane J, Citron BA, Lin X, Echeverria V, Potter H.(PubMed)
(26) The role of ryanodine receptor type 3 in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease by Liu J¹, Supnet C², Sun S¹, Zhang H¹, Good L³, Popugaeva E⁴, Bezprozvanny I⁵.(PubMed)
(27) Caffeine reverses cognitive impairment and decreases brain amyloid-beta levels in aged Alzheimer's disease mice by Arendash GW¹, Mori T, Cao C, Mamcarz M, Runfeldt M, Dickson A, Rezai-Zadeh K, Tane J, Citron BA, Lin X, Echeverria V, Potter H.(PubMed)
(28) Caffeine and coffee as therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease by Arendash GW¹, Cao C.
(PubMed)